The Role of Building Materials Selection on the Restoration of Historical Monuments of IRAN and Sustainable Environment

The process of manufacturing and producing new materials by utilizing the recycling of mineral and ceramic materials and powders into cementitious materials and various application capabilities in the appropriate color and durability of bricks is of interest to construction, architecture and urban development projects. With the emergence of advanced technologies, the use of various types of mortars, powders and material pastes, and especially modern cements, transforms their physical and mechanical properties. In addition to modern façades and buildings, these mortars also serve protective and restorative functions in historic brick masonry. It is very important to investigate effective powdered minerals, permitted additives, the method of application and use of ceramic oxides and its effect on the properties of cement and clay-based paste and mortar. Cement mortar containing ceramic pigment with a mixing design of stone powder and fine grains has yielded effective results in setting time tests, compressive strength tests and abrasion resistance tests. This research was conducted based on laboratory tests, workshop experiments, and microscopic observations and tests using an exploratory and comparative method. The results obtained indicate that most pigments in oxide-mineral ceramics, along with permitted additives, will cause color diversity in the environment, beautify cities, and increase compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and protection in the restoration process. These pigments not only harmonize with modern brick buildings for applicationfor implementation, but also create a desirable and effective coexistence in historical buildings in Iran for restoration and increase compatibility with a sustainable environment.